When was philippines colonized

Filipino nationalists suspected the United States of postponing independence indefinitely while exploiting the islands' economic resources and using their country as a military base.

A editorial in a Manila journal summed up the first decade of American colonial rule as "10 years of bitter deception. All Rights Reserved. American troops pose victoriously on the ramparts of Manila, circa On the morning of May 1, , an American flotilla commanded by Commodore George Dewey sailed into Manila Bay and, without losing a single sailor, promptly sank a Spanish squadron that was anchored there. President William McKinley would later admit that when he first heard the news of the victory, he "could not have told where those darned islands were within 2, miles.

The constant struggle to extend Spanish hegemony to the south spawned the Spanish-Moro Wars, a series of long-standing hostilities between Muslims and Spanish.

From the late s until the late s, Spain attempted to gain a foothold in the area— succeeding only to the extent that some soldiers were eventually allowed by local leaders to maintain a small military presence. Spanish colonial leaders, however, never dominated or governed the local area, despite laying claim to the territory.

During the late eighteenth century, revolutionaries such as Gabriela and Diego Silang fought for a free Ilocano nation in the northern Philippines. Rizal, born to a relatively prosperous family of Filipino, Spanish, Chinese, and Japanese descent, was well-educated in the Philippines and in parts of Europe. A true renaissance man, Rizal was an ophthalmologist, scientist, writer, artist, and multilinguist whose works were written in several languages, including Spanish and Latin.

In , Rizal was arrested and convicted of several crimes, including inciting rebellion, and was executed by firing squad on December His works, once considered seditious propaganda by some, are now available as free downloads.

He is remembered as a Filipino writing for his people, a native son who used the tools of storytelling to expose the truth about life under colonial rule. Scholars argue that the execution of Rizal inspired a broader fight for freedom from the Spanish government. Led by heroes such as Bonifacio, the Philippine Revolution began in and included numerous battles against Spanish forces on multiple fronts.

By , as Spain was fighting to quell the uprisings in the Philippines, it became embroiled in the Spanish-American War. During the negotiation of the treaty, the American Anti-Imperialist League opposed the annexation of the Philippines. I have read carefully the Treaty of Paris, and I have seen that we do not intend to free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines.

We have gone there to conquer, not to redeem. It should, it seems to me, be our pleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them deal with their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I am an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons on any other land.

The treaty was hotly debated by the Senate. Ultimately, ratification of the treaty was approved on February 6, , by a vote of fifty-seven in favor and twenty-seven against—a single vote more than the required twothirds majority.

Meanwhile in the Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino leader in the fight for freedom, declared an independent Philippine government—which neither the Spanish nor United States governments acknowledged. When the final version of the Treaty of Paris was enacted, the islands once again became subject to the laws and policies of another distant nation.

Americans who supported annexing the Philippines viewed the archipelago as a doorway through which the United States could gain more of a financial foothold in Asia while extending its empire overseas.

Before the US could begin fully establishing control of the islands, a new war began. In the first years of US occupation, the battles were fought between the new US colonizers and Filipino guerrilla armies tired of existing under any foreign rule. Under the rule of the United States, a plethora of people, ideas, and changes to the infrastructure flooded the archipelago. During this era, Christian groups flourished as Protestants and other denominations began proselytizing via missionary expeditions.

The United States military sponsored the establishment of hospitals and funded improvements to roads and bridges. Some of the most colorful festivals are held during these months.

Our Language. Two official languages — Filipino and English. Filipino, which is based on Tagalog, is the national language. English is also widely used and is the medium of instruction in higher education.

Filipino is that native language which is used nationally as the language of communication among ethnic groups. Like any living language, Filipino is in a process of development through loans from Philippine languages and non-native languages for various situations, among speakers of different social backgrounds, and for topics for conversation and scholarly discourse.

There are about 76 to 78 major language groups, with more than dialects. Our Faiths. Predominantly Christian. Catholics — Historically, the Filipinos have embraced two of the great religions of the world — Islam and Christianity. Islam was introduced during the 14th century shortly after the expansion of Arab commercial ventures in Southeast Asia. Today, it is limited to the southern region of the country. Christianity was introduced as early as the 16th century with the coming of Ferdinand Magellan in Protestantism was introduced by the first Presbyterian and Methodist missionaries who arrived with the American soldiers in Two Filipino independent churches were organized at the turn of the century and are prominent today.

Recently, the Aglipay signed a covenant with the Anglican Church. The Iglesia ni Kristo has expanded its membership considerably. Its churches, with their unique towering architecture are landmarks in almost all important towns, provincial capitals and major cities. Our Government. Executive branch. Legislative branch. Bicameral Congress or Kongreso consists of the Senate or Senado 24 seats: one-half elected every three years; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms and the House of Representatives or Kapulungan Ng Mga Kinatawan seats: members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms.

Additional members may be appointed by the President but the Constitution prohibits the House of Representatives from having more than members. Judicial branch. Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council and serve until 70 years of age. International Organization Participation. Philippine education is patterned after the American system, with English as the medium of instruction.

Schools are classified into public government or private non-government. The general pattern of formal education follows four stages: Pre-primary level nursery and kindergarten offered in most private schools; six years of primary education, followed by four years of secondary education.

College education usually takes four, sometimes five and in some cases as in medical and law schools, as long as eight years. Graduate schooling is an additional two or more years. Classes in Philippine schools start in June and end in March. Colleges and universities follow the semestral calendar from June-October and November-March. There are a number of foreign schools with study programs similar to those of the mother country. WCAG 2. They taught many children to read and write in the local dialects, the better to teach them the Christian religion.

They introduced new crops, such as corn and cacao, and improved sugar and coffee production. They taught many trades, including printing Manila had printing presses before the end of the sixteenth century. They established higher schools for the children of the wealthier caciques a class which developed mostly as a result of intermarriage between Spaniards and leading Malay families.

The University of Santo Tomas, in Manila, was founded as early as —and years later was made into an internment camp for American civilians in the Philippines after the Japanese occupation. The Filipinos were united, first of all, through a common religion. But, more important, they were united by a common hatred of the Spanish conqueror and all he stood for.

This alienated many Filipinos and brought the church orders into sharp conflict with Spanish officials who resented their growing political power. Some of the church lands remain to this day as centers of social unrest.

The Aglipayan or Independent church of the Philippines, formed at the time of the final revolution against Spain, was an added protest against the all-Spanish nature of religious as well as political control. Before our own American Revolution, the Filipinos had risen a half-dozen times against their Spanish overlords, and there were numerous lesser rebellions.

Because the Filipinos had been unable during the nineteenth century to secure reforms peaceably, a secret society of the common people, the Katipunan, was formed in Revolution finally broke out in August , and it was inflamed still further by the execution of Jose Rizal, the Filipino leader and national hero.

There are many heroes in Philippine history, but none stands out like Rizal. One of the small number of Filipinos able to secure a good education and to study abroad, he came back to his native land anxious to improve the condition of his people and the government which Spain imposed upon them.

He was executed in December , at the age of